EBITDA to Free Cash Flow in M&A: Formula, Bridge & Buyer Underwriting
A transaction-focused guide to bridging EBITDA into free cash flow, FCFF, levered cash flow, debt paydown capacity, valuation support, and buyer underwriting in middle-market M&A.
Debt-Like Items in M&A: How Enterprise Value Adjustments Affect Seller Proceeds
Debt-like items are liabilities that reduce seller proceeds in M&A transactions. Learn how enterprise value adjustments, net debt, and working capital determine the equity value paid at closing.
Why Buyers Discount Valuation in Sell-Side M&A (And How Founders Lose Leverage)
In sell-side M&A, valuation discounts rarely start with negotiation. They form when buyers quietly re-underwrite risk, credibility, and execution behind the scenes. This guide explains how valuation compression actually happens, how uncertainty migrates into deal structure, and what founders can do to defend value before leverage is lost.
